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Review Article
Volume 2, Article ID: 2026.0024
Sana Khan
sana.bscmb2023@imsuc.ac.in
Tripti Singh
drtriptisingh@imsuc.ac.in
Prachi Sharma
prachisharma.mscbt2023@imsuc.ac.in
Bhumika Vishnoi
bhumikavishnoi.bscbt2023@imsuc.ac.in
Gunjan Sharma
223gunjansharma@gmail.com
Deepti Singh
deepti.singh1@s.amity.edu
Shambhavi Roy
shambhavir50@gmail.com
1 Institute of Management Studies, Ghaziabad (University Course Campus), NH 09, Adhyatmik Nagar, Ghaziabad 201015, India
2 JMS Institute of Technology (JMS IT), Ghaziabad, Ghaziabad – 201015, Uttar Pradesh, India
3 Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Sector- 125, Noida, U.P. 201313, India
4 Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed
Received: 03 Sep 2026 Accepted: 17 Mar 2026 Available Online: 17 Mar 2026
Nanoparticles synthesized from physical or chemical routes pose a major threat to the environment as they tend to be toxic. Thus, green production of nanoparticles using plant extract has come forward as a better and sustainable alternative. This paper focuses on plant-mediated synthesis of various nanoscale metal particles (Ag, Au, Cu), nanoscale metal oxides (ZnO, TiO2, Fe3O4) as well as carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, graphene). Plant phytochemicals such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, enzymes, reducing sugars, steroides, proteins, terpenoids and amino acids play a key role in stabilization, capping and reduction in the biosynthetic process. The influence factors like pH, extract concentration, reaction temperature, metal salt concentration, contact time, and proportion of plant extract to metal salt is discussed. Beyond biomedical and catalytic applications, this paper highlights the significance of green nanoparticles for the production of biofuels. Despite significant advancements, plant-mediated green nanotechnology still has a long journey ahead to establish itself as a climate-resilient and sustainable solution for meeting the energy demands of a growing population. To address the pressing issue of fuel depletion, we need dedicated research and thoughtful implementation over the long term.
Disclaimer: This is not the final version of the article. Changes may occur when the manuscript is published in its final format.