Published: 25 Jun 2025

Political Instability and the Treadmill of Production: Sustainable Urban Processes in Kabul City

Volume 1

Political instability and weak institutional governance have exacerbated environmental degradation in Kabul City, where the relentless treadmill of production continues to strain natural resources. This study examines how weak institutional governance, conflict, corruption, and economic pressures contribute to unsustainable environmental practices, intensifying pollution, deforestation, and resource depletion. As political instability weakens institutional capacities, regulatory enforcement diminishes, allowing industrial and urban expansion to proceed unchecked. The treadmill of production, driven by..