Published: 19 Mar 2025

Soluble Biomarkers as Predictors of Response to Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)-Insights from the Tumor Microenvironment Perspective

Volume 1

Lung cancer is the major cause of mortality worldwide with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) contributing to 85% of the cases. FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1 are widely used as a standard treatment. However, the response rate is limited and is observed in only 20–40% of the patients. Therefore, predictive and prognostic biomarkers are needed to help differentiate responders from non-responders, enabling a better understanding of disease..